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91.
利用2010年8月30日河北省石家庄一次霾天气条件下的气溶胶飞行探测资料,分析了石家庄地区上空658—6933 m高度范围内大气气溶胶粒子平均数浓度、平均直径的垂直分布特征和9个水平飞行高度上的谱分布特征。结果表明:轻度霾天气条件下的气溶胶平均数浓度为325个/cm3,平均直径为0.169μm。在约1000 m高度以下,气溶胶平均数浓度随高度的增加呈线性减少趋势。粒径也随高度增加而减小,由0.187μm减小至0.164μm。1000 m高度以上,气溶胶平均数浓度随高度减少趋势变缓,粒子平均直径在0.167~0.171μm范围内波动。9个不同高度上的谱分布都呈单峰型,随着高度增加,谱宽变小,峰值向小尺度方向移动。后向轨迹计算分析表明:污染气团的远距离输送可能是导致大气1500 m高度层气溶胶数浓度突增的原因。 相似文献
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93.
YANG Can Sayed Hesammoddin KAZEMEINI FAN Wenfang Christopher JUHLIN LIU Dameng 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(5):1118-1126
An important component of any CO2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties, such as velocity and density. Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset (AVO) responses, which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP) AVO response to CO2 injection at the Ketzin site, the first European onshore CO2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO2. First, we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation. On the basis of this model, the seismic response for different CO2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling. We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data, which we then processed. In contrast, synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data. Finally, we found that the amplitude of CO2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer. This is the typical class III AVO anomaly for gas sand layer. The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well. Therefore, walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO2 distribution in the Ketzin area. 相似文献
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95.
The potential role of generalist herbivores to serve as a source of biotic resistance against algal invasion in marine ecosystems has been poorly examined. The present study investigates the capacity of Mediterranean herbivorous fishes to consume three of the most invasive seaweeds of the Western Mediterranean (Caulerpa racemosa, Lophocladia lallemandii and Womersleyella setacea) and examines vertical and temporal variations of such consumption. Our results show that although fish feed throughout the depth gradient examined (5–35 m), they concentrate in shallow waters, and can consume high amounts of C. racemosa. Such high ingestion of C. racemosa does not appear to be random, since this alga is consistently chosen when offered in pairs with several native species. Conversely, L. lallemandii and W. setacea are barely eaten by fish even though they can be very abundant in the field throughout the year. Our results suggest that fish could be an important controlling agent that has been overlooked in temperate marine invasions, and they may be able to provide certain resistance to C. racemosa invasion. In contrast, they are unlikely to exert any important control effects on L. lallemandii or W. setacea. 相似文献
96.
Seunghee Han Joris Gieskes Anna Obraztsova Dimitri D. Deheyn Bradley M. Tebo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Understanding the biogeochemical process of Hg is critical in the overall evaluation of the ecological impacts resulting from the reuse of Hg-contaminated dredged sediment. Sediment banks (V1 and V2) were constructed with freshly dredged sediments from a navigational channel in Venice Lagoon, Italy, with the goal of clarifying potential differences in the biogeochemistry of Hg between the reused dredged sediments and those from surrounding sites (SS1 and S2). Toward this purpose, Hg and monomethylmercury (MMHg) concentrations, and Hg methylation rates (MMRs) in the surface 2.5 cm sediments were monitored, along with ammonium, iron, sulfate and sulfide concentrations in the pore waters of banks and surrounding sites from November 2005 to February 2007. Pore water analyses indicate that the bank sediments are characterized by lower levels of sulfate and iron, and by higher levels of ammonium and sulfide compared to the surrounding sediments. With respect to Hg speciation, the fractions of MMHg in total Hg (%MMHg/Hg) and the MMRs were significantly lower in the bank V1 compared to those in the reference site SS1, whereas the %MMHg/Hg and the MMRs were similar between V2 and S2. A negative correlation is found between the logarithm of the particle-water partition coefficient of Hg and the MMR, indicating that the reduced MMRs in V1 are caused by the limited concentrations of dissolved Hg. Organic matter appears to play a key role in the control of MMR via the control of Hg solubility. 相似文献
97.
In order to investigate surf zone hydrodynamics through two-dimensional numerical simulations of nearshore circulation under random wave environment, a nearshore circulation model, SHORECIRC, and a random wave model, SWAN, were combined and utilized. Using this combined model, a numerical simulation of the October 2, 1997 SandyDuck field experiment was performed. For this simulation, field topography and an input offshore spectrum were constructed using observed data sets synchronized with the experiment. The wave-breaking model in SWAN was modified by using breaker parameters varied according to bottom slope. The simulation results were compared with the experimental data, which revealed a well-developed longshore current, as well as with results using other combinations which were SHORECIRC and its original monochromatic wave-driver, and SHORECIRC and the default of SWAN. The results from the novel combined model agreed well with the experimental data. The results of the present simulation also indicate that alongshore field topography influences shear fluctuation of longshore currents. 相似文献
98.
进行海岸沿岸流模型实验,利用ADV(acoustic doppler velocimeter)测量了沿岸流流速沿垂直岸线方向多个断面的垂向分布。采用Faria等的方法对实验结果进行了分析,将沿岸流沿水深分为上层和下层两部分:下层采用对数分布来表达沿岸流的垂向分布;上层考虑了波浪引起的自由表面的波动,流速分布为修正的对数分布。最后对沿岸流垂向分布特征做了分析,并与Visser和Hamilton的实验结果做了对比。 相似文献
99.
利用福建区域GPS连续观测资料计算出应变场,由跨断层垂直形变资料计算出形变速率强度累积率,并根据跨断层、体应变等多种形变资料得到各测点压张特性的空间分布.在此基础上,研究了福建区域2005-2006年、2007-2008年、2009-2010年各时期的形变特征.研究结果表明:龙岩-厦门-东山、政海带与沙县南日岛断裂带交... 相似文献
100.
民勤大气边界层特征与沙尘天气的气候学关系研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了更好地理解西北干旱区大气混合层(ML)厚度的变化特征及其对当地沙尘气候形成的影响, 利用民勤2006—2008年3—6月逐日08时和20时探空资料、降水和日最高气温,计算和分析了最大混合层厚度、逆温层特征和垂直风场及其对沙尘气候形成的影响。结果表明,民勤沙尘天气的大气边界层有显著的昼夜变化,白天厚、逆温强而多;沙尘天气的最大混合层厚度在2 600 m左右,介于无降水与有降水天气之间;扬沙主要由锋面中的冷空气引起,而沙尘暴主要由低层风场的剧烈扰动和500 m以上高层冷锋入侵引起。沙尘暴发生前近地面风场有明显的扰动,沙尘暴发生时在500 hPa以下有显著的冷空气活动,白天较强。能见度小于100 m的强沙尘暴夜间风速大,冷空气较强。 相似文献